ICAOFAAEASASustainabilityAirport-designCompliance-matrixConstruction-codesSecurity-standardsFire-codesORAT

Standards for Airport Planning, Design, Construction and ORAT

January 15, 2024

Comprehensive visual guide to worldwide airport design, security, fire, sustainability and operational-readiness standards. Colour-coded sections present key rules from ICAO, FAA, EASA, NFPA, LEED, ASTM and local authorities, plus ORAT and a 5-step implementation roadmap.

Airport Design Standards & Regulatory Framework International & National Standards for Airport Planning, Design, Construction & Operations AIRFIELD LAYOUT, GEOMETRY & SAFETY STANDARDS ICAO STANDARDS Annex 14 - Aerodromes Volume I - Aerodrome Design: • Aerodrome Reference Code (ARC) • Runway length per aircraft performance • Width: 30m (3C), 45m (4C/E), 60m (4F) • Strip: 300m total (Code 3/4 precision) • RESA: Min 90m, rec. 240m (Code 3/4) • Clearways and stopways • Taxiway separations • Obstacle limitation surfaces (OLS) Key Documents: • Doc 9157 - Design Manual (6 parts) • Doc 9137 - Airport Services Manual • Doc 9774 - Certification Manual • Doc 9981 - PANS Aerodromes • Doc 9830 - A-SMGCS Manual Safety Management: • Annex 19 - Safety Management • Doc 9859 - SMS Manual • Risk assessment methodology • Runway safety programmes FAA STANDARDS Advisory Circulars (AC) Design Standards: • AC 150/5300-13B Airport Design • AC 150/5320-6G Pavement Design • AC 150/5325-4B Runway Length • AC 150/5060-5 Airport Capacity/ASV • AC 150/5070-6C Airport Master Plans Geometric Design: • Runway Design Code (RDC) • Taxiway Design Group (TDG) • 14 CFR Part 77 Obstructions • TERPS (Order 8260 series) • RPZ dimensions/land use Safety Requirements: • Part 139 Certification/SMS (2023) • AC 150/5200-33C Wildlife Hazards • Order 5200.8 RSA Program • AC 150/5210-24 FOD Program • AC 150/5200-37 SMS Introduction • Runway Incursion Mitigation (RIM) • AC 120-57A SMGCS EASA STANDARDS CS-ADR-DSN Regulatory Framework: • Reg (EU) 139/2014 ADR.OR/OPS • CS-ADR-DSN Issue 6 • Chapter B - Runways • Chapter C - Runway Strips • Chapter D - Taxiways • Chapter E - Aprons AMC/GM Material (non-binding): • Acceptable Means • Guidance Material • Alternative compliance Key Differences: • Runway end safety area detail • Slope/graded area requirements • Visual aid photometric classes • Obstacle evaluation surfaces • Rescue firefighting standards • Surface characteristics • Frangibility requirements • Environmental protection NATIONAL CAA Country Specific Major Authorities: • UK CAA (CAP 168, CAP 642) • DGCA India (CAR Section 4) • CASA Australia (MOS 139) • Transport Canada (TP 312) • CAAC China • GCAA UAE Common Elements: • ICAO compliance base • National variations • Local conditions • Climate considerations • Security requirements Certification Process: • Initial certification • Periodic audits • Safety assessments • Compliance monitoring • Exemption procedures • Enforcement actions TERMINAL PLANNING & CAPACITY STANDARDS IATA STANDARDS Airport Development Reference Manual ADRM Guidelines (12th Edition): • Terminal configuration types • Passenger flow analysis • Level of Service (LoS) standards • Space programming (typical LoS C-D): • Check-in: 1.8-2.0 m²/peak hr pax • Security: 1.0-1.4 m²/peak hr pax • Gate holdrooms: 1.5-1.7 m²/seat • Baggage claim: 1.6-2.0 m²/peak hr pax Processing Standards: • Queue times per agreed LoS target • Security: varies by LoS band • Immigration: <45 sec/pax • Baggage delivery: <20 min first bag • Walking distances: <300m unassisted • Connection times: MCT standards • CUTE/CUSS/CUPPS (RP 1797) ACI STANDARDS Airport Service Quality (ASQ) Planning Guidelines: • ACI Manual of Airport Planning • Capacity assessment methodology • Demand forecasting models • Terminal optimization strategies • Sustainability frameworks Service Quality Metrics: • Overall satisfaction targets • Cleanliness standards • Wayfinding effectiveness • Comfort levels • Commercial offerings • Technology integration Best Practices: • Benchmarking programs • Excellence in operations • Innovation guidelines FAA TERMINAL STANDARDS Planning & Design Guidelines Key Documents: • AC 150/5360-13A Terminal Planning • AC 150/5360-9 Planning Studies • Terminal Planning Manual • Sustainable Design Guidelines Space Standards: • Ticketing: 150 ft²/position • Security lanes: 800-1000 ft² • Gate holdrooms: 15-20 ft²/seat • Concourse width: 50-80 ft • Vertical circulation standards Capacity Analysis: • TPHP calculations (passengers) • Processing lane throughputs • Level of Service metrics • Delay threshold analysis • Simulation requirements SECURITY STANDARDS TSA (US) STANDARDS Transportation Security Regulations 49 CFR Part 1542: • Airport Security Program (ASP) • Security areas designation • Access control systems • Perimeter security requirements • Personnel identification systems • Vehicle inspection procedures Design Standards: • Checkpoint Planning Guidelines (PG) • Recommended Security Guidelines • Checked Baggage Inspection System • Inline EDS requirements • SSCP layout standards • Threat assessment protocols • Cybersecurity requirements ICAO SECURITY Annex 17 - Security / Annex 9 - Facilitation Standards & Practices: • National Civil Aviation Security Program • Airport Security Programme • Threat and risk assessment • Background checks • Prohibited items list • Landside/Airside separation Doc 8973 (Restricted): • Security Manual guidance • Best practices • Implementation guidance • Quality control measures • Training requirements • Passenger/baggage processing • Crisis management LOCAL SECURITY AGENCIES National/Regional Requirements Common Requirements: • Police/security force presence • CCTV coverage standards • Intrusion detection systems • Biometric access controls • Explosive detection requirements • K9 unit operations Regional Variations: • EU Reg 300/2008 & 2015/1998 • UK CAA Security Requirements • BCAS (India) Standards • CASA Security Regulations • Transport Canada Security • Local law enforcement protocols • Intelligence agency coordination FIRE & EMERGENCY STANDARDS NFPA STANDARDS National Fire Protection Association Key Standards: • NFPA 415 - Airport Terminal Buildings • NFPA 409 - Aircraft Hangars • NFPA 407 - Aircraft Fuel Servicing • NFPA 403 - Aircraft Rescue/Fire Fighting • NFPA 101 - Life Safety Code • NFPA 72 - Fire Alarm Systems • NFPA 13 - Sprinkler Systems Design Requirements: • Fire separation distances • Means of egress widths • Travel distance limits • Foam system requirements • Hydrant spacing standards • Emergency access routes ICAO FIRE STANDARDS Annex 14 Chapter 9 - RFF Aerodrome Categories (1-10): • Based on aircraft length & fuselage width • Water discharge rates • Foam quantities required • Number of vehicles • Response: 3 min to any runway point • Personnel requirements Doc 9137 Part 1: • RFF Services Manual • Equipment specifications • Training requirements • Emergency planning • Medical services • Grid map requirements • Communication protocols LOCAL FIRE CODES National Building Codes Common Elements: • Building occupancy classifications • Fire resistance ratings • Compartmentation requirements • Smoke control systems • Emergency lighting • Exit signage standards Regional Examples: • IBC/IFC (United States) • NBC India • Building Code Australia • UK Building Regulations • UAE Fire and Life Safety Code • Singapore Fire Code • Local authority requirements SUSTAINABILITY STANDARDS ICAO STANDARDS Environmental Protection Annex 16 - Environment: • Aircraft noise standards • Engine emissions • Vol IV - CORSIA offsetting • Local air quality Doc 9184 - Airport Planning: • Land use planning • Noise contours • Environmental assessment Eco-Airport Toolkit: • Energy management • Water conservation • Waste management • Biodiversity • Climate adaptation ISO STANDARDS Management Systems Environmental: • ISO 14001 - EMS • ISO 14040 - Life Cycle • ISO 14064 - GHG • ISO 50001 - Energy Quality & Safety: • ISO 9001 - Quality • ISO 45001 - OH&S • ISO 31000 - Risk Sustainability: • ISO 26000 - Social • ISO 20121 - Events • ISO 37120 - City indicators • ISO 14090 - Adaptation • ISO 21929 - Construction LEED/GREEN RATING LEED v4.1 / IGBC Credit Categories: • Location & Transportation • Sustainable Sites • Water Efficiency • Energy & Atmosphere • Materials & Resources • Indoor Environmental Quality • Innovation • Regional Priority Certification Levels: • Certified: 40-49 points • Silver: 50-59 points • Gold: 60-79 points • Platinum: 80+ points • Net Zero targets OTHER STANDARDS Regional Systems Rating Systems: • BREEAM (UK) • DGNB (Germany) • HQE (France) • CASBEE (Japan) • Green Star (Australia) • EDGE (Emerging markets) • WELL Building Standard Airport Specific: • ACI Airport Carbon Accreditation • SAGA Toolkit • Envision (Infrastructure) • Airport Sustainability • Net Zero 2050 targets • Science Based Targets MATERIALS & STRUCTURAL CODES ASTM STANDARDS Material Testing Standards Concrete & Cement: • C150 - Portland Cement • C33 - Concrete Aggregates • C94 - Ready-Mixed Concrete • C39 - Compressive Strength • C78 - Flexural Strength Asphalt & Bitumen: • D6373 - PG Asphalt Binder • D5329 - Hot-Applied Sealants Test • D2041 - Asphalt Content • D2726 - Bulk Density Steel & Metals: • A36 - Structural Steel • A615 - Reinforcing Bars • A325 - Structural Bolts • A123 - Zinc Coating Testing Methods: • E90/E336/E413 - Acoustics • E119 - Fire Tests ACI STANDARDS Concrete Institute Design Codes: • ACI 318 - Building Code • ACI 301 - Specifications • ACI 330 - Parking Lots • ACI 360 - Slabs on Grade Airport Pavements: • ACI 320 - Airport Pavement • ACI 325 - Concrete Overlays • ACI 327 - Roller-Compacted Special Applications: • ACI 546 - Repair Guide • ACI 562 - Assessment/Repair • ACI 306 - Cold Weather • ACI 305 - Hot Weather • ACI 212 - Admixtures Quality Control: • ACI 311 - Inspection • ACI 214 - Statistical Methods • AC 150/5370-10H (FAA specs) ISO STANDARDS International Standards Structural Design: • ISO 2394 - Reliability • ISO 3898 - Structural design • ISO 10137 - Serviceability • ISO 13822 - Assessment Materials Testing: • ISO 1920 - Concrete testing • ISO 6892 - Metallic materials • ISO 15630 - Reinforcement • ISO 12491 - Statistics Quality Systems: • ISO 9001 - Quality mgmt • ISO 17025 - Testing labs • ISO 17020 - Inspection • ISO 17024 - Certification Durability: • ISO 15686 - Service life • ISO 16311 - Maintenance • ISO 16204 - Durability NATIONAL CODES Building Codes United States: • IBC - International Building • ASCE 7 - Loads • AISC - Steel Construction • AWS D1.1 - Welding Europe: • Eurocodes (EN 1990-1999) • EN 206 - Concrete • EN 13108 - Asphalt • EU 305/2011 CPR (CE marking) Other Regions: • IS Codes (India) • AS/NZS (Australia/NZ) • CSA A23.1/A23.2 (Canada) • BS (British Standards) • JIS (Japan) • GB (China) • SABS (South Africa) OPERATIONAL READINESS & AIRPORT TRANSFER (ORAT) IATA ORAT STANDARDS Best Practice Guidelines Key Components: • Operational Readiness Plan • Stakeholder engagement framework • Systems integration testing • Trial operations methodology • Operational familiarization • Training and certification Testing Phases: • Static testing (equipment/systems) • Interface testing • Integrated testing • Live trials with volunteers • Shadow operations • Phased opening strategy ACI ORAT FRAMEWORK Readiness & Transition Management Planning Elements: • ORAT program structure • Governance and decision-making • Risk management approach • Communication protocols • Change management strategy • Business continuity planning Transition Management: • Cutover planning and execution • Migration strategies • Contingency planning • Go/No-go decision criteria • Post-opening support • Performance monitoring ORAT BEST PRACTICES Industry Standards & Methodologies Key Success Factors: • 18-24 months ORAT program duration • Dedicated ORAT team structure • Airport Operational Database (AODB) • Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) • Service Level Agreements (SLAs) • Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) Critical Workstreams: • Baggage handling system testing • IT systems commissioning • Security systems validation • Ground support equipment readiness • Airline readiness coordination • Regulatory compliance verification STANDARDS COMPLIANCE MATRIX Design Phase: • Master planning: ICAO, FAA, IATA, National Civil Aviation Agency • Terminal design: IATA ADRM, ACI, NFPA 415, Local codes • Airfield design: ICAO Annex 14, FAA AC 150 series, EASA CS-ADR • Structural design: ACI 318, AISC, Eurocodes, National codes • Sustainability: LEED/IGBC, ISO 14001, ICAO Environmental, National Green Building Council Construction & Operations Phase: • Materials: ASTM, ISO, National standards • Quality: ISO 9001, ACI 311, AC 150/5370-10H • Safety: ISO 45001, OSHA, Local regulations • ORAT: IATA/ACI Guidelines, Industry best practices • Environmental: ISO 14001, Local permits STANDARDS IMPLEMENTATION STRATEGY 1. IDENTIFICATION • Applicable standards list • Regulatory requirements • Client requirements • Best practices • Gap analysis • Conflict resolution • Priority matrix • Compliance timeline • Budget implications 2. INTEGRATION • Design criteria matrix • Specification development • Drawing standards • BIM integration • Calculation templates • Review checklists • Team training • Expert consultation • Approval process 3. VERIFICATION • Design reviews • Code compliance check • Third-party review • Constructability review • Value engineering • Risk assessment • Regulatory submission • Stakeholder approval • Change management 4. DOCUMENTATION • Compliance matrix • Design basis report • Deviation records • Approval letters • Test certificates • As-built drawings • O&M manuals • Training records • Audit reports 5. MONITORING • Construction QA/QC • Testing verification • Inspection protocols • Non-conformance • Corrective actions • Performance metrics • Continuous improvement • Lessons learned • Updates tracking © 2025 Protrain — Licensed under CC BY 4.0. Complied by Ashutosh Maurya.

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